See denigrate on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "denigration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "denigrator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "denigratory"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:dēnigrātus<ety:from<dēnigrō<id:to blacken>>>",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "-ate<id:verb>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive voice",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate<id:verb><pos:verb-forming suffix>"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "see <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"en\">-ate</i> (verb-forming suffix)"
},
"expansion": "[see -ate (verb-forming suffix)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">niger</i> (“black”)"
},
"expansion": "[from niger (“black”)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "denigrat",
"3": "denigart(e)",
"t": "darkened, discolored"
},
"expansion": "Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) [see -ate (verb-forming suffix)], from dē- (“of; from”) + nigrō (“to blacken”) [from niger (“black”)]. Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "denigrates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "denigrating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "denigrated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "denigrated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "denigrate (third-person singular simple present denigrates, present participle denigrating, simple past and past participle denigrated)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"den",
"i",
"grate"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 14 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
53
]
],
"ref": "1963 January, “Beyond the Channel: U.S.S.R.”, in Modern Railways, page 62:",
"text": "Although in public Soviet officials tend to denigrate the French electric locomotives imported recently, there is little doubt that lessons learnt from these engines will be incorporated in new Russian designs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To criticize so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame."
],
"id": "en-denigrate-en-verb-en:to_defame",
"links": [
[
"criticize",
"criticize"
],
[
"besmirch",
"besmirch"
],
[
"traduce",
"traduce"
],
[
"disparage",
"disparage"
],
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:to defame"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "badmouth"
},
{
"word": "besmirch"
},
{
"word": "slander"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "assassinate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "asperse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "backbite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "badmouth"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "befoul"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "belibel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "besmirch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "besmear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "bewray"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blacken"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "blame"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blaze"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blemish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blur"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "calumniate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "calumny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "chat shit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "chat shite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "cloud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "demonize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "deprave"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "depreciate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "detract"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "discredit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "disgrace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "disparage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "disrepute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "diss"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "drag through the mud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "forgab"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "forspeak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "foul"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "infamize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "lampoon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "libel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "malign"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "monsterize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "muddy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "reproach"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "revile"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "scandal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "shit-talk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"word": "slag"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "slander"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "smear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"word": "smirch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "spatter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "spot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "speak ill of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "stab"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "stain"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "talk shit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "talk shite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"word": "talk trash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "tarnish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "torch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "traduce"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"word": "trash-talk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "unflatter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "vilify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"dated",
"formal"
],
"word": "vilipend"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "villainize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "wrong"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "sewacʻnel",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "սևացնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "diànwū",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "玷污"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dǐhuǐ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "詆毀 /诋毁"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "pošpinit"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "kleineren"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigreren"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "dénigrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "médire"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "anschwärzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "verleumden"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "verunglimpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "besudeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "in Verruf bringen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "gyaláz"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "becsmérel"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "rágalmaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "megrágalmaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "szidalmaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "szapul"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "befeketít"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "mocskol"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigrare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "criticare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "sparlare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "parlare male"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "diffamare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"alt": "ぶじょくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "bujoku suru",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "侮辱する"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ocŕnuva",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "оцр́нува"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakarōriki"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakahahani"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakatoihara"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakatakē"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakahāwea"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "sverte"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "rakke ned"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "uwłaczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "klevetátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "клевета́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "nagovárivatʹ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "нагова́ривать"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "ocrniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "svärta ner"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "racka ned på"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "karalamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 14 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"text": "You have no right to denigrate people and things that you have no personal experience with.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage."
],
"id": "en-denigrate-en-verb-en:to_trivialize",
"links": [
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
],
[
"belittle",
"belittle"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"disparage",
"disparage"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:to trivialize"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "banalize"
},
{
"word": "deprecate"
},
{
"word": "make light of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "bagatellize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "banalize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "belittle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "cut down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "de-emphasize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "degrade"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "deprecate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "derogate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "disparage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "dispraise"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "downplay"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "lilliputianize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "make little of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "make nothing of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "minimize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "play down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "set at nought"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "superficialize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "trivialize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "underestimate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "underplay"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "understate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"dated",
"formal"
],
"word": "vilipend"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "omalovažavam",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "омаловажавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "znevažovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "kleineren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "denigreren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "vähätellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "dénigrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "rabaisser"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "déprécier"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "verleumden"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "verunglimpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "herabsetzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "ócsárol"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "pocskondiáz"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "lefitymál"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "lekicsinyel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "bagatellizál"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "elbagatellizál"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "omalovažuva",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "омаловажува"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ponižuva",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "понижува"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "whakatūtūā"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "whakamanumanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "pomniejszyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "umniejszać"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "preumenʹšatʹ",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "преуменьшать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "umaljatʹ",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "умалять"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "prinižatʹ",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "принижать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "dèan dìmeas air"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "denigrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "aşağılamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "iftira etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "kara çalmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "aşağılamak",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "آشاغیلامق"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 14 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To blacken."
],
"id": "en-denigrate-en-verb-en:to_blacken",
"links": [
[
"blacken",
"blacken"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal, rare) To blacken."
],
"senseid": [
"en:to blacken"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "black"
},
{
"word": "forswart"
},
{
"word": "nigrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "black"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "blacken"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "black up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "blackwash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "blatch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "bletch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "forswart"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "infuscate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "nigrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "pitch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "swart"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "swarten"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "sewacʻnel",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "սևացնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "pimentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "anschwärzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "befeketít"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ocŕnuva",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "оцр́нува"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "karalamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "siyahlatmak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dĕn′ĭ-grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"also"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg/En-us-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg/En-au-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ə.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹet/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɖɛ(ː)n.ɪ.ɡɾeːʈ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪɡreɪt"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:dēnigrātus<ety:from<dēnigrō<id:to blacken>>>",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "-ate<id:verb>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive voice",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate<id:verb><pos:verb-forming suffix>"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "see <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"en\">-ate</i> (verb-forming suffix)"
},
"expansion": "[see -ate (verb-forming suffix)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">niger</i> (“black”)"
},
"expansion": "[from niger (“black”)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "denigrat",
"3": "denigart(e)",
"t": "darkened, discolored"
},
"expansion": "Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) [see -ate (verb-forming suffix)], from dē- (“of; from”) + nigrō (“to blacken”) [from niger (“black”)]. Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more denigrate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most denigrate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "denigrate (comparative more denigrate, superlative most denigrate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"den",
"i",
"grate"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 17 20 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 14 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 15 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 12 13 16 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 13 15 20 11 3",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 11 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 15 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 13 18 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 11 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 15 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 15 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 12 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 14 21 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 12 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 12 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 15 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 13 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 16 18 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 13 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 13 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "50 16 18 16",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "51 11 17 21",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "52 13 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 11 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 9 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 13 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 14 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 13 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 14 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 15 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 14 20 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 11 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 11 21 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Blackened."
],
"id": "en-denigrate-en-adj-YLzXc1C4",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Blackened",
"blackened#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Blackened."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dĕn′ĭ-grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"also"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg/En-us-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg/En-au-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ə.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹet/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɖɛ(ː)n.ɪ.ɡɾeːʈ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪɡreɪt"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "denigrate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧ni‧grà‧te"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"de‧ni‧grà‧te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "denigrare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present and imperative of denigrare"
],
"id": "en-denigrate-it-verb-L~4Xn75r",
"links": [
[
"denigrare",
"denigrare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/de.niˈɡra.te/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ate"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "dēnigrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "dēnigrāte"
},
"expansion": "dēnigrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dē",
"ni",
"grā",
"te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dēnigrātus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of dēnigrātus"
],
"id": "en-denigrate-la-verb-q1JEScQQ",
"links": [
[
"dēnigrātus",
"denigratus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[deː.nɪˈɡraː.tɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[de.niˈɡraː.te]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "dēnigrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "dēnigrāte"
},
"expansion": "dēnigrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dē",
"ni",
"grā",
"te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dēnigrō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of dēnigrō"
],
"id": "en-denigrate-la-verb-2prj3fz4",
"links": [
[
"dēnigrō",
"denigro#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[deː.nɪˈɡraː.tɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[de.niˈɡraː.te]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "denigrate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧ni‧gra‧te"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"de‧ni‧gra‧te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "denigrar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular voseo imperative of denigrar combined with te"
],
"id": "en-denigrate-es-verb-VAGMlm7a",
"links": [
[
"voseo",
"voseo#Spanish"
],
[
"denigrar",
"denigrar#Spanish"
],
[
"te",
"te#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular",
"second-person",
"singular",
"with-voseo"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/deniˈɡɾate/"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪e.niˈɣ̞ɾa.t̪e]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ate"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪɡreɪt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪɡreɪt/3 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "denigration"
},
{
"word": "denigrator"
},
{
"word": "denigratory"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:dēnigrātus<ety:from<dēnigrō<id:to blacken>>>",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "-ate<id:verb>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive voice",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate<id:verb><pos:verb-forming suffix>"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "see <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"en\">-ate</i> (verb-forming suffix)"
},
"expansion": "[see -ate (verb-forming suffix)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">niger</i> (“black”)"
},
"expansion": "[from niger (“black”)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "denigrat",
"3": "denigart(e)",
"t": "darkened, discolored"
},
"expansion": "Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) [see -ate (verb-forming suffix)], from dē- (“of; from”) + nigrō (“to blacken”) [from niger (“black”)]. Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "denigrates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "denigrating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "denigrated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "denigrated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "denigrate (third-person singular simple present denigrates, present participle denigrating, simple past and past participle denigrated)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"den",
"i",
"grate"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
53
]
],
"ref": "1963 January, “Beyond the Channel: U.S.S.R.”, in Modern Railways, page 62:",
"text": "Although in public Soviet officials tend to denigrate the French electric locomotives imported recently, there is little doubt that lessons learnt from these engines will be incorporated in new Russian designs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To criticize so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame."
],
"links": [
[
"criticize",
"criticize"
],
[
"besmirch",
"besmirch"
],
[
"traduce",
"traduce"
],
[
"disparage",
"disparage"
],
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:to defame"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "badmouth"
},
{
"word": "besmirch"
},
{
"word": "slander"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "assassinate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "asperse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "backbite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "badmouth"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "befoul"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "belibel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "besmirch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "besmear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "bewray"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blacken"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "blame"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blaze"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blemish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "blur"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "calumniate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "calumny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "chat shit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "chat shite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "cloud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "demonize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "deprave"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "depreciate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "detract"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "discredit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "disgrace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "disparage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "disrepute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "diss"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "drag through the mud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "forgab"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "forspeak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "foul"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "infamize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "lampoon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "libel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "malign"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "monsterize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "muddy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "reproach"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "revile"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "scandal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "shit-talk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"word": "slag"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "slander"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "smear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"word": "smirch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "spatter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "spot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "speak ill of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "stab"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "stain"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "talk shit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "talk shite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"word": "talk trash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "tarnish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "torch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "traduce"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"word": "trash-talk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "unflatter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "vilify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"tags": [
"dated",
"formal"
],
"word": "vilipend"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "villainize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:defame",
"word": "wrong"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"text": "You have no right to denigrate people and things that you have no personal experience with.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage."
],
"links": [
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
],
[
"belittle",
"belittle"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"disparage",
"disparage"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:to trivialize"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "banalize"
},
{
"word": "deprecate"
},
{
"word": "make light of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "bagatellize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "banalize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "belittle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "cut down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "de-emphasize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "degrade"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "deprecate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "derogate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "disparage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "dispraise"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "downplay"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "lilliputianize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "make little of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "make nothing of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "minimize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "play down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "set at nought"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "superficialize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "trivialize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "underestimate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "underplay"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"word": "understate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trivialize",
"tags": [
"dated",
"formal"
],
"word": "vilipend"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To blacken."
],
"links": [
[
"blacken",
"blacken"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal, rare) To blacken."
],
"senseid": [
"en:to blacken"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "black"
},
{
"word": "forswart"
},
{
"word": "nigrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "black"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "blacken"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "black up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "blackwash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "blatch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "bletch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "forswart"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "infuscate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "nigrify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "pitch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "swart"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:blacken",
"word": "swarten"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dĕn′ĭ-grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"also"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg/En-us-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg/En-au-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ə.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹet/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɖɛ(ː)n.ɪ.ɡɾeːʈ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪɡreɪt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "sewacʻnel",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "սևացնել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigrar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "diànwū",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "玷污"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dǐhuǐ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "詆毀 /诋毁"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "pošpinit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "kleineren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigreren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "dénigrer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "médire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "anschwärzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "verleumden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "verunglimpfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "besudeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "in Verruf bringen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "gyaláz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "becsmérel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "rágalmaz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "megrágalmaz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "szidalmaz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "szapul"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "befeketít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "mocskol"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigrare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "criticare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "sparlare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "parlare male"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "diffamare"
},
{
"alt": "ぶじょくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "bujoku suru",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "侮辱する"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ocŕnuva",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "оцр́нува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakarōriki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakahahani"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakatoihara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakatakē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakahāwea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "whakatakē"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "sverte"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "rakke ned"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "uwłaczać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "klevetátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "клевета́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "nagovárivatʹ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "нагова́ривать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "ocrniti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "denigrar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "svärta ner"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"word": "racka ned på"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to criticize so as to besmirch",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "karalamak"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "omalovažavam",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "омаловажавам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "znevažovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "kleineren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "denigreren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "vähätellä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "dénigrer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "rabaisser"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "déprécier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "verleumden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "verunglimpfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "herabsetzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "ócsárol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "pocskondiáz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "lefitymál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "lekicsinyel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "bagatellizál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "elbagatellizál"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "omalovažuva",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "омаловажува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ponižuva",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "понижува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "whakatūtūā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "whakamanumanu"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "pomniejszyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "umniejszać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "preumenʹšatʹ",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "преуменьшать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "umaljatʹ",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "умалять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "prinižatʹ",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "принижать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "dèan dìmeas air"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "denigrar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "aşağılamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "iftira etmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "kara çalmak"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "aşağılamak",
"sense": "to treat as worthless",
"word": "آشاغیلامق"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "sewacʻnel",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "սևացնել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "pimentää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "anschwärzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "befeketít"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ocŕnuva",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "оцр́нува"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "karalamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to blacken",
"word": "siyahlatmak"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪɡreɪt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪɡreɪt/3 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:dēnigrātus<ety:from<dēnigrō<id:to blacken>>>",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "-ate<id:verb>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dēnigrātus"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive voice",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ate<id:verb><pos:verb-forming suffix>"
},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "see <i class=\"Latn mention nowrap\" lang=\"en\">-ate</i> (verb-forming suffix)"
},
"expansion": "[see -ate (verb-forming suffix)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">niger</i> (“black”)"
},
"expansion": "[from niger (“black”)]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "denigrat",
"3": "denigart(e)",
"t": "darkened, discolored"
},
"expansion": "Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) [see -ate (verb-forming suffix)], from dē- (“of; from”) + nigrō (“to blacken”) [from niger (“black”)]. Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more denigrate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most denigrate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "denigrate (comparative more denigrate, superlative most denigrate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"den",
"i",
"grate"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Blackened."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Blackened",
"blackened#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Blackened."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dĕn′ĭ-grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"also"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg/En-us-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ɪ.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-denigrate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg/En-au-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈden.ə.ɡɹæɪ̯t/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹet/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɖɛ(ː)n.ɪ.ɡɾeːʈ/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪɡreɪt"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "denigrate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧ni‧grà‧te"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"de‧ni‧grà‧te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 4-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ate",
"Rhymes:Italian/ate/4 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "denigrare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present and imperative of denigrare"
],
"links": [
[
"denigrare",
"denigrare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/de.niˈɡra.te/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ate"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "dēnigrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "dēnigrāte"
},
"expansion": "dēnigrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dē",
"ni",
"grā",
"te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dēnigrātus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of dēnigrātus"
],
"links": [
[
"dēnigrātus",
"denigratus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[deː.nɪˈɡraː.tɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[de.niˈɡraː.te]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "dēnigrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "dēnigrāte"
},
"expansion": "dēnigrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dē",
"ni",
"grā",
"te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dēnigrō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of dēnigrō"
],
"links": [
[
"dēnigrō",
"denigro#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[deː.nɪˈɡraː.tɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[de.niˈɡraː.te]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "denigrate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧ni‧gra‧te"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"de‧ni‧gra‧te"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ate",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ate/4 syllables",
"Spanish 4-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "denigrar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular voseo imperative of denigrar combined with te"
],
"links": [
[
"voseo",
"voseo#Spanish"
],
[
"denigrar",
"denigrar#Spanish"
],
[
"te",
"te#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular",
"second-person",
"singular",
"with-voseo"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/deniˈɡɾate/"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪e.niˈɣ̞ɾa.t̪e]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ate"
}
],
"word": "denigrate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for denigrate meaning in All languages combined (33.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (d146717 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.